More than 50 years ago, a lot of environmental organizations in the US started to join forces and gain political support for one clear message: we are destroying the earth and all its inhabitants, including ourselves, in an unsustainable way. Today, we all know that pollution, deforestation and the overuse of fossil fuels are problems, but in 1970, this was not so well known. Only the most dedicated groups were aware of these dangers and felt that the rest of the world needed to be informed as well.
Enter Senator Gaylord Nelson, inspired by the spirit of the anti-war protests of 1969 and simultaneously shocked by the impact of an oil spill off the coast of Santa Barbara, California. He started the Earth Day movement as a founder, organizing a coalition of politicians and students to raise public awareness of man-made environmental threats.
The results of the first Earth Day were undeniably successful, leading to groundbreaking legislation including the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the National Environmental Education Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, and the Clean Air Act, which were passed in 1970. The Clean Air Act in particular is considered the most important and enduring piece of legislation to come out of the Earth Day movement, as it has been amended over time to impose limits on emissions, fuel standards, ozone protection, and more. Earthjustice reports that the Clean Air Act prevented more than 200,000 premature deaths and 18 million cases of respiratory problems in children in its first 20 years.
In the years that followed the first Earth Day in 1970, legislators also passed the Clean Water Act, the Endangered Species Act, and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act . The impact of Earth Day was clear. As the organization itself notes, "These laws have protected millions of men, women, and children from disease and death and have saved hundreds of species from extinction."
In the early 1990s, Earth Day gained support from the United Nations and became a globally recognized event—and not a moment too soon. Senator Nelson, the founder of Earth Day, received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest honor a U.S. citizen can receive, in 1992.